The Library · Chemistry

Chemistry
Upper Secondary

Grades 9–10 · IGCSE, GCSE, O-Level, CBSE

Lower SecondaryUpper SecondaryPre-UniversityUniversity Foundations

10 of 64 lectures are ready to read. The rest are listed so you can see where the subject goes; each one switches on as it is finished.

Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration3 of 3 ready
  1. 01Protons neutrons electrons — mass and charge
  2. 02Electron configuration — filling shells and subshells
  3. 03Ionisation energies — evidence for electron shells
Periodic Trends4 of 4 ready
  1. 01Atomic radius — why it changes across and down
  2. 02Ionisation energy trends — the full picture
  3. 03Electronegativity — attraction for bonding electrons
  4. 04Reactivity trends — metals and non-metals

Chemical Bonding

Ionic Bonding3 of 3 ready
  1. 01How ionic bonds form — electron transfer
  2. 02Lattice structures — how ions pack together
  3. 03Properties of ionic compounds — why they are as they are
Covalent Bonding and Molecular Shape0 of 4 ready
  1. 01Covalent bonds — sharing electronscoming soon
  2. 02VSEPR theory — predicting molecular shapescoming soon
  3. 03Electronegativity and bond polaritycoming soon
  4. 04Polar molecules — net dipole depends on shapecoming soon
Intermolecular Forces0 of 4 ready
  1. 01London dispersion forces — temporary dipolescoming soon
  2. 02Permanent dipole-dipole interactionscoming soon
  3. 03Hydrogen bonding — the strongest IMFcoming soon
  4. 04How IMFs explain physical propertiescoming soon
Metallic Bonding0 of 2 ready
  1. 01Metallic bonding — the sea of electronscoming soon
  2. 02Properties of metals — explained by bondingcoming soon
Giant Covalent Structures0 of 2 ready
  1. 01Diamond and graphite — same element different structurecoming soon
  2. 02Graphene and other giant covalent structurescoming soon

Stoichiometry

Moles and Calculations0 of 5 ready
  1. 01What is a mole — Avogadro's numbercoming soon
  2. 02Moles from mass volume and concentrationcoming soon
  3. 03Empirical and molecular formulaecoming soon
  4. 04Stoichiometry — mole ratios in equationscoming soon
  5. 05Percentage yield and atom economycoming soon
Titrations0 of 3 ready
  1. 01Acid-base titrations — the techniquecoming soon
  2. 02Titration calculations — finding concentrationcoming soon
  3. 03Back titrations — when direct titration is not possiblecoming soon

Energetics

Enthalpy0 of 5 ready
  1. 01What is enthalpy — heat at constant pressurecoming soon
  2. 02Standard enthalpy changes — formation combustion neutralisationcoming soon
  3. 03Hess's law — energy cyclescoming soon
  4. 04Bond enthalpies — estimating ΔH from bonds broken and formedcoming soon
  5. 05Calorimetry — measuring enthalpy experimentallycoming soon
Entropy and Gibbs Energy0 of 2 ready
  1. 01What is entropy — disorder and spreading outcoming soon
  2. 02Gibbs free energy — predicting spontaneous reactionscoming soon

Kinetics

Reaction Rates0 of 5 ready
  1. 01Collision theory — what makes reactions fastercoming soon
  2. 02Factors affecting rate — concentration temperature surface areacoming soon
  3. 03Rate experiments — measuring reaction speedcoming soon
  4. 04The Maxwell-Boltzmann distributioncoming soon
  5. 05Catalysts — how they workcoming soon

Equilibrium

Dynamic Equilibrium0 of 4 ready
  1. 01What is dynamic equilibriumcoming soon
  2. 02Le Chatelier's principle — predicting shiftscoming soon
  3. 03The equilibrium constant Kccoming soon
  4. 04Kp — equilibrium constant using partial pressurescoming soon

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Theory0 of 4 ready
  1. 01Arrhenius Bronsted-Lowry Lewis acid-base theoriescoming soon
  2. 02pH — the hydrogen ion concentration scalecoming soon
  3. 03Buffer solutions — resisting pH changecoming soon
  4. 04Acid-base indicators and titration curvescoming soon

Redox and Electrochemistry

Redox0 of 3 ready
  1. 01Oxidation and reduction — electron transfercoming soon
  2. 02Oxidation states — assigning them systematicallycoming soon
  3. 03Balancing redox equations — half-equation methodcoming soon
Electrolysis0 of 3 ready
  1. 01Electrolysis — using electricity to drive reactionscoming soon
  2. 02Predicting products of electrolysiscoming soon
  3. 03Faraday's laws — quantitative electrolysiscoming soon

Organic Chemistry

Introduction to Organic0 of 4 ready
  1. 01Why carbon makes so many compoundscoming soon
  2. 02Naming organic compounds — IUPAC nomenclaturecoming soon
  3. 03Structural isomers — same formula different structurecoming soon
  4. 04Homologous series — families of organic compoundscoming soon
Organic Reactions0 of 4 ready
  1. 01Alkanes — structure properties and combustioncoming soon
  2. 02Alkenes — addition reactionscoming soon
  3. 03Halogenoalkanes — nucleophilic substitutioncoming soon
  4. 04Alcohols — reactions and usescoming soon